Insimu yezobuchwepheshe bezilwane isiguqule izolimo zesimanje nesayensi yezilwane ngokuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo nezicelo ezisebenzayo ezithuthukisa impilo nokukhiqiza kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Le ndawo ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi isebenzisa ubunjiniyela begenetiki, i-molecular biology, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvubela ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezibhekana nezinselelo zokuphepha kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, abacwaningi nabaholi bemboni baye baqaphela ukuthi izicelo zezobuchwepheshe zezilwane zinikeza amathuba angakaze abekho okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudla, ukumelana nezifo, nokusebenza kokuzala ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ezincane nokudla kwezilwane kuvule izindlela ezintsha zezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezisimeme ezinciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngenkathi zihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sabathengi samaprotheni. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-national institute of animal biotechnology zibe nendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo oluyisisekelo olusekela lezi zinto ezintsha. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni lisiya lukhula, ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe nezilwane ngendlela efanele nangokuziphatha kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokuhlola okuphelele kocwaningo lwakamuva, izitayela zemboni, kanye nezifundo ezisebenzayo ezibonisa amandla okuguqula ezobuchwepheshe bezilwane.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezivela ku-biotechnology yezilwane ikhono layo lokuthuthukisa inani lokudla okunomsoco emikhiqizweni evela ezilwaneni ngenkathi ithuthukisa nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngamafomula e-probiotic athuthukisiwe, izithako zamajamu, kanye nezinye izithako zokudla ezisebenzayo, ososayensi baye bathuthukisa amasu athuthukisa impilo yamathumbu kanye nokumunca kwezakhamzimba ezinkukwini, izingulube, izilwane ezimuncayo, nezinhlanzi. Umkhakha we-biotechnology yezilwane ubuye wabona ukuqhubeka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemigomo, ukutholwa kwezifo, kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwemikhiqizo yenkomo. Lezi zithuthukisi azihlali emalabhorethri ezifundweni; ziyaqhubeka nokwenziwa ezinkampanini ezicabanga phambili ezixhumanisa ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Yunnan Sanzheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd., esebenza ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-Saturn Biotechnology, ibonise ukuthi i-biotechnology ye-microbial ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokuhlelekile ekudleni kwezilwane ngesikali esikhulu. Ikhasi labo lemikhiqizo libonisa uhla lwezinye izithako zokudla ezibonisa izinzuzo ezisebenzayo zalesi sihloko sesayensi. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kwalo mkhakha kuvumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwamukela izixazululo ze-biotechnological ezisebenza ngazo.

Umkhakha omkhulu wokubhala okubuyekezwe ontanga uqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe bezilwane ezindaweni eziningi zezilwane nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Izifundo zakamuva ezishicilelwe kumagazini ahamba phambili ziye zahlolela imiphumela yezinhlobo ezithile ze-probiotic kumalungiselelo e-gut microbiota, ukulawulwa komzimba, nokusebenza kokukhula ezinkukhu zase-broiler nezingulube ezincelisayo. Abacwaningi esikhungweni sikazwelonke sobuchwepheshe bezilwane baye banikela ngomsebenzi ophumelelayo ezindleleni zamamolekyuli lapho ama-beta-glucans avela emvubeni athuthukisa khona ukuzivikela komzimba ezifuyweni. Lezi zokuhlola ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izivivinyo ezilawulwayo, ukulandelana kwe-metagenomic, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-metabolomic ukukhiqiza idatha eqinile esekela ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wezentengiselwano. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe nezilwane kubonakala nasemisebenzini yocwaningo egxile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-methane ezilwaneni ezilumayo ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-microbials eqondile kanye nezithako zokudla ezisekelwe olwandle. Izifundo ezinjalo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwesayensi kodwa futhi zinikeza isisekelo sobufakazi sokugunyazwa kwezilawuli nokwamukelwa abalimi. Ezinkampanini nabachwepheshe abafuna ukuhlala benolwazi, ukubuyekeza njalo le mibhalo yocwaningo kubalulekile ekutholeni amathuba avuzayo nasekuqiniseni izindlela zokungenelela.

Enye indawo ebalulekile yophenyo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamagciwane (enzyme biotechnology) ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla kwezithako zokudla ezihlukahlukene, njengamafutha esobho, okusala emva kokukhiqiza utshwala emayeleni (corn distillers grains), kanye namafutha emifino (rapeseed meal). Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi amagciwane angaphandle njenge-phytase, i-xylanase, kanye ne-protease angakwazi ukucekela phansi izinto ezilimaza ukudla futhi avule izakhamzimba ezingatholakali kalula, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko zokudla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen emvelweni. Ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo nezilwane kuyaqhubeka kucwaningwa ocwaningweni oluhlola imiphumela yokuhlanganisa ama-probiotics nezinhlayiya ezivela emaminerali (organic acids) noma amafutha abalulekile (essential oils). Imiphumela ibonisa njalo ukuthi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezinezithako eziningi zidlula izithako ezingezwe zodwa ekukhuthazeni ukukhuluphala kanye nezinga lokuguqula ukudla kube yisisindo (feed conversion ratios). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha kwale mikhiqizo kuhloliswa kabanzi, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo akubeki engcupheni ukuphepha kokudla noma kunegalelo ekumeleni amagciwane emithi yokubulala amagciwane (antimicrobial resistance). Njengoba indawo yophenyo iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinkampani ezifana ne-Saturn Biotechnology zigcina ubudlelwano obuqhubekayo nezikhungo zemfundo ukuze ziguqule le mibono ibe yizixazululo ezilungele ukuthengiswa. Ikhasi labo elithi "About Us" lichaza ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ekuthuthukiseni okusekelwe kusayensi kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ekudleni kwezilwane.

Imboni yezilwane zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ibona ushintsho olukhulu olubheke ekudleni okunembayo, lapho izindlela zokudla zilungiswa khona ngokuvumelana namandla ezakhi zofuzo, isimo sempilo, kanye nezimo zezemvelo zezilwane ezithile. Leli threndi lenziwa lula ukuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola okuningi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okuvumela ukuqapha okungokoqobo kokusebenza kwezilwane kanye nezimpawu zempilo. Izinkampani zikhulisa ukutshala izimali kumagciwane amakhethekile akhethwe ngokuqina kwawo, isikhathi sokugcina, kanye nezindlela zokusebenza ezihloswe ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-probiotics afakwe emaphaketheni kanye nama-postbiotic metabolites kumele kube yinto entsha ebalulekile, njengoba lezi ubuchwepheshe zivikela izinto ezibucayi ezithinta izinto eziphilayo ekonakaleni ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcina ukudla. Enye ithrendi ebalulekile ukuhlanganiswa kwemibono yezilwane zobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zokuzalanisa, lapho amathuluzi okukhetha nge-genomic athola izilwane ezinamandla amakhulu kanye nezici zokudla ezisebenzayo. Lezi zinto ezintsha zihlanganisa ukubeka imboni yezilwane ezihlwanyelwayo ezizinzile futhi ezikhiqizayo ezikwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza.

Iziqondiso zokulawula nazo ziyathuthuka ukuze zivumelane nesivinini esikhulu sokwenza izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe bezilwane. I-European Union, i-United States, i-China, nezinye izimakethe ezinkulu zibeke imihlahlandlela yokugunyazwa kwezithako zokudla ezintsha kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe zezilwane ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezilwaneni. Ukuthobela le mithetho kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokuphepha, okuhlanganisa izifundo zezinto eziyingozi, izivivinyo zokubekezelelana kwezilwane ezihlosiwe, kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela emvelweni. Kubahlanganyeli bemboni, ukuzulazula kule ndawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokulawula kudinga ubuchwepheshe nokuqapha. I-Saturn Biotechnology ihlola njalo lezi zinguquko ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zayo zihlala zithobela futhi ziqhudelana ezindaweni eziningi. Ikhasi labo lezindaba linikeza izibuyekezo ezishintshweni zokulawula, imicimbi yemboni, nezigigaba zenkampani ezibalulekile kumakhasimende nabalingani. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zimo kuvumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi balindele izinguquko zemakethe futhi bahambisane namasu abo nesiqondiso sezobuchwepheshe obuningi bezilwane kanye ne-ecosystem yezilwane. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphilayo, ubunjiniyela, kanye nesayensi yedatha kuthembisa ukusheshisa ukwenza izinto ezintsha kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.

Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe bezilwane emhlabeni wangempela kunikeza ubufakazi obuqinisekisa izinzuzo zawo ezibonakalayo. Esinye isibonelo esibalulekile sihlanganisa ibhizinisi elikhulu lokukhiqiza izingulube elafaka isixazululo samagciwane amaningi ezidini zamathole engulube asanda kuncelisa. Lesi senzo sabangela ukuthuthuka okungu-12% ekukhuleni kwansuku zonke kanye nokuncipha okungu-25% ekubeni khona kwezifo sohudo ngemuva kokuncelisa uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingazange lithole usizo. Imiphumela yafinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokuvikela amathumbu, ukulawulwa kwamagciwane amathumbu, kanye nokuncipha kokubekwa kwamagciwane abangela izifo. Indlela yezobuchwepheshe yezilwane eyasetshenziswa kuleli cala yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana phakathi kwezazi zezondlo zasepulazini kanye nezazi zezobuchwepheshe, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele. Impumelelo enjalo ibonisa ukuthi izilwane ezithuthukisiwe ezikhuliswe ngezindlela zokudla ezihlosiwe zithola imiphumela engcono kwezempilo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezomnotho kubakhiqizi. Imiphumela efanayo iye yaqoshwa emisebenzini yezinkukhu lapho izixazululo zamajusi zithuthukisa ukuguqulwa kokudla ngamaphuzu angu-8-10 ngenkathi kuncishiswa umswakama wombhede kanye nokukhishwa kwe-amonia.

Esinye isifundo esiphumelelayo sivela emkhakheni wezokulima izilwane zasemanzini, lapho ipulazi lamakhaza eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lafaka umkhiqizo we-synbiotic oqukethe izinhlobo ezithile ze-Bacillus kanye ne-prebiotic fibers. Ipulazi lazuza ukwanda okungu-30% ezingeni lokusinda phakathi nesigaba esibalulekile sokuzalela kanye nokwanda okungu-15% esisindo sokuvuna sokugcina. Izinga lokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa namazinga e-ammonia kanye ne-nitrite, athuthukiswa kakhulu, anciphisa isidingo sokushintsha amanzi njalo. Lolu hlelo lobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane, enikeza imininingwane enemininingwane kanye neziqondiso zokusebenzisa. Ukubhalisa nokusakaza lezi zindaba zempumelelo kubalulekile ekwakheni ukuzethemba phakathi kwabathintekayo kanye nokusheshisa ukuguqukela ekudleni kwezilwane okusekelwe ebufakazini.

ISaturn Biotechnology, esebenza ngaphansi kwenkampani enkulu iYunnan Sanzheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd., inikeza iqoqo eligcwele lezixazululo zezondlo zezilwane ezisuselwe kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu be-microbial biotechnology. Imikhiqizo yethu ithuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa umzila ocwaningayo ocwaningayo ohlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuvubuka, ukuthuthukiswa kokwakheka, kanye nokuqinisekiswa ensimini. Umkhiqizo ngamunye uklanyelwe ukubhekana nezinselelo ezithile ekukhiqizeni izilwane, njengokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla, ukuthuthukisa amandla omzimba, nokunciphisa umthelela wezindawo ezithinta imisebenzi yezilwane. Inzuzo eyinhloko yezixazululo zethu zezilwane ze-biotechnology itholakala esisekelweni sayo sesayensi: uhlobo ngalunye kanye ne-enzyme efakwe ezakhiweni zethu zokwakheka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekuphumeleleni okuboniswe ezifundweni ezibuyekezwe ontanga kanye nezivivinyo zokuhweba. Siphakamisa ukuzinza nokungaguquguquki, siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu iletha imiphumela ebucayi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zamapulazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zethu zokukhiqiza zithobela izinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi, okuhlanganisa namazinga e-HACCP ne-ISO, ziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo.

Amakhasimende akhetha i-Saturn Biotechnology athola ukufinyelela hhayi kuphela emikhiqizweni esebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa futhi nosizo lobuchwepheshe oluphelele kanye nezinsizakalo zokweluleka ezenziwe ngendlela efanele. Ithimba lethu lezazi zezilwane nezazi zemikrobioloji lisebenza eduze namakhasimende ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ezihambisana nemigomo yabo yokukhiqiza, izithako zokudla, nemikhuba yokuphatha. Sinikeza izinsizakalo zamahhala zokuthatha amasampula nezingcaphuno nge-New Page yethu, sivumela amakhasimende angaba khona ukuthi ahlolisise ukusebenza komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kumavolumu amakhulu. Izinzuzo zezomnotho zokwamukela izixazululo zethu zinkulu: ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuguqulwa kokudla, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zezilwane, namavolumu emakethe aphezulu aguqulela ngqo ekuthuthukisweni kokwenza inzuzo kubakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yethu iyakha izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezisimeme ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezakhamzimba kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi elishisayo. Ngokubambisana ne-Saturn Biotechnology, imisebenzi yezilwane ingafinyelela inzuzo yokuncintisana ngenkathi igcina amazinga aphezulu kakhulu enhlalakahle yezilwane nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Simema ukuthi uthinte Ithimba lethu Lokusekela ukuze sixoxe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu bezilwane obusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bungazuza kanjani ibhizinisi lakho.

Ukwakha umphakathi onempilo wokuzijwayeza okuzungeze izicelo zezilwane ze-biotechnology kubalulekile ekushintshaneni ngolwazi, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, nokwamukelwa kabanzi. I-Saturn Biotechnology isebenza kanzima ukukhuthaza lo mphakathi ngokubamba iqhaza ezingqungqutheleni zemboni, ama-webinar, kanye nama-workshops okuqeqesha ahlanganisa abalimi, odokotela bezilwane, abanakekeli bezilwane, nabacwaningi. Ikhasi lethu lezindaba njalo libonisa izimemezelo mayelana nemicimbi ezayo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo, kanye nemizamo yokubambisana yocwaningo ecela ukubandakanyeka kwabathintekayo. Siphinde sigcine umjikelezo ovulekile wokubuyekeza namakhasimende ethu, siqoqe idatha ngokusebenza komkhiqizo, kalula ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezindawo zokuthuthukisa. Leli thuluzi liqondisa ngqo izinto eziza kuqala ocwaningo nentuthuko yethu, siqinisekisa ukuthi izinto esizinikezayo ziguquguquka ngokuphendula izidingo zangempela. Imininingwane eyabiwe ngumphakathi wethu iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokupheka zomkhiqizo, izimiso zokusebenzisa, kanye nezindlela zokupakisha ezandisa ukulula nokusebenza kahle.

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisana kwezentengiselwano, iSaturn Biotechnology isekela izinhlelo zemfundo ezikhuthaza ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo nezilwane phakathi kwabafundi kanye nochwepheshe abasebancane. Sicebisa izikhundla zokuqeqeshwa, sinikeza izinkulumo zezivakashi emanyuvesi, futhi sinikela engxoxweni yomphakathi ngobukhulu bokuziphatha kobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo zezilwane. Impendulo evela kule misebenzi ibe mihle kakhulu, lapho abahlanganyeli bebonisa ukubonga ngokuqondiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokuqina kwesayensi kwezinhlelo zethu zokuzibandakanya. Sikhuthaza zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo ukuthi zivakashele ikhasi lethu lasekhaya ukuze zihlolisise izinsiza ezitholakalayo, zibhalisele incwajana yethu, futhi zixhumane nathi ngeziteshi zemidiya yezenhlalo. Ngokukhuthaza imvelo evulekile, esebenzisana, sihlose ukusheshisa ukuqhubeka okunomthwalo wemfanelo kobuchwepheshe bezilwane ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuzuzisa abakhiqizi, abathengi, kanye nomhlaba wonke. Izwi lakho libalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa laleli khono elinamandla, futhi samukela iminikelo yakho ezingxoxweni zethu eziqhubekayo.

Kubafundi abafisa ukujulisa ukuqonda kwabo kwezobuchwepheshe bezilwane, kunezincwadi eziningi zesayensi ezitholakala kumajenali adumile kanye nezinqolobane zezikhungo. Izincwadi ezibalulekile zihlanganisa i-Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, i-Animal Feed Science and Technology, i-Poultry Science, kanye ne-Aquaculture Nutrition, zonke ezivame ukuba nezihloko mayelana nokungenelela kwama-microbial, ubuchwepheshe bamajenimu, kanye nentuthuko yezakhi zofuzo. Isikhungo sikazwelonke sezobuchwepheshe bezilwane naso sisabalalisa imiphumela yocwaningo ngemibiko yaso yobuchwepheshe kanye nezingqungquthela, eziningi zazo zingatholakala ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinsiza zinikeza izindlela ezinemininingwane, ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, kanye nezingxoxo ezibalulekile ezingezezela emiqondweni esebenzayo enikezwe kulesi sihloko. Kochwepheshe abafuna ukulinganisa imisebenzi yabo ngokumelene nobufakazi besayensi bamuva nje, ukubuyekeza lawa majenali njalo kuyatuswa kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwemithombo yezemfundo, amaphepha amhlophe ezimboni, izincwadi zikahulumeni, kanye nezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) kanye ne-World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) zinikeza imibono ebalulekile mayelana nenqubomgomo, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama. I-Saturn Biotechnology ibeka isandla kulolu lwazi ngokusebenzisa imibhalo yayo yobuchwepheshe, imibiko yezindaba ezithile, kanye nezincwadi zemikhiqizo, ezitholakala ukuze zilandelwe kuwebhusayithi yethu. Ukuhlola le mibhalo kuzonikeza ababambiqhaza ulwazi olubanzi oludingekayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo kanye nezixazululo zezilwane. Sikhuthaza nabafundi ukuthi bavakashele amakhasi ethu emikhiqizo kanye nokusekelwa ukuze bathole ulwazi olwengeziwe oluhambisana nezicelo ezithile nezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngokuhlanganisa ukufunda okuqhubekayo nokusebenza okusebenzayo, umphakathi womhlaba wonke wokukhiqiza izilwane ungasebenzisa amandla aphelele obuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla olusebenza kakhulu, olunomusa, futhi olusimeme izizukulwane ezizayo.