Isidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane zasendlini nezasepulazi siqhubeka nokukhula, siqhutshwa ukukhula kwabantu, ukwanda kwemizi, nokwanda kokudla amaprotheni. Ukuhlangabezana nesidingo ngendlela esimeme kudinga izixazululo ezintsha ezithuthukisa impilo yezilwane, ukukhiqiza, nokuphatha imvelo. Ubuchwepheshe bezilwane obusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology buye bavela njengamandla ashintshayo embonini yezilwane, enikeza amathuluzi afana nokuhlela izakhi zofuzo, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuzala ukubhekana nalezi zinselele. Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nezifo kuya ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kokudla, izicelo ze-biotechnology yezilwane ziguqula indlela abakhiqizi abalusa futhi baphathe ngayo izinkomo nezinkukhu zabo. Lesi sihloko sihluza izinto ezintsha zakamuva, imicimbi ebalulekile yemboni, izindawo ezilawulwayo, kanye nombono wesikhathi esizayo we-biotechnology emkhakheni wezilwane, sinikeza amabhizinisi nababambiqhaza ukuqonda okuphelele ngalo mkhakha oshintsha ngokushesha.

Njengoba umhlaba ufuna izinhlelo zokudla ezimelana nezimo futhi eziphumelelayo, indima yezilwane ze-biotech iba yibaluleke kakhulu. Abacwaningi, abakhiqizi, nabaholi bezinqubomgomo bahlanganyela ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezingagcini nje ngokukhulisa umkhiqizo kodwa futhi zinciphise umthelela wezemvelo futhi zithuthukise inhlalakahle yezilwane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biotechnology emikhubeni yansuku zonke yokufuya izilwane kuthembisa inkathi entsha yokulima okunembayo, lapho amathuluzi ezakhi zofuzo engeza ukuphathwa kwendabuko ukuletha izinzuzo ezilinganisekayo. Ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-云南三正生物工程有限公司 (Yunnan Saturn Biological Technology Co., Ltd.), ezinguchwepheshe kwezokudla kwezilwane ezithuthukisiwe kanye ne-microbial biotechnology, le nqubekela phambili ihambisana ngqo nomsebenzi wabo wokusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane okusimeme ngemikhiqizo namasevisi asuselwa kusayensi.

Umsuka omkhulu emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo ezifuywayo kwaba yi-8th International Livestock Biotechnology Symposium, eyayihlelwe ngokubambisana phakathi koMnyango Wezolimo – Isikhungo Sezinto Eziphilayo Ezifuywayo (DA-LBC) kanye ne-ISAAA Inc. Ebikade ingaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Izinto Ezintsha Zezinto Eziphilayo Ezihambisana Nezidingo Zokuthuthukisa Imboni Yezifuywayo Ezinokumelana Nokuzinikela,” le ngqungquthela ibihlanganise ochwepheshe abangu-772, ososayensi, nababambiqhaza abavela emhlabeni wonke. Lo mcimbi wasebenza njengendawo yokwabelana ngocwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuxoxa ngezinselelo zokulawula, nokuhlola izindlela zokuhweba zezinto ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ezifuywayo nezinkukhu. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezikhungo ezihamba phambili, okuhlanganisa nesikhungo sikazwelonke sezinto eziphilayo ezifuywayo kanye nezikhungo ezahlukahlukene zocwaningo zamanyuvesi, kugqamise umoya wokubambisana ohola lo mkhakha phambili.

Phakathi kwaso sithangami, abethula izinkulumo bagcizelele isidingo sokuba khona ubuchule obuqhutshwa yimfuno obubhekana ngqo nezinselelo ezingokoqobo ababhekana nazo abakhiqizi. Izihloko bezisuka ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlela amagene (genome editing) kuya ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kokudla, ukuphathwa kwezifo, nokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu. Lo mcimbi ugqamise ukuthi kunokuvumelana okukhulayo kokuthi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe bezilwane (biotechnology animal solutions) kufanele zakhiwe ngokucatshangelwa izidingo zabasebenzisi bokugcina, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buyatholakala, abubizi kakhulu, futhi buhambisana nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza zasendaweni. Ezinkampanini ezifana ne-云南三正生物工程有限公司, ukubamba iqhaza ezinkundleni ezinjalo kuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kwazo ukuhlala emgqeni ongaphambili wentuthuko yobuchwepheshe (biotechnological advancement) nokuletha izixazululo ezinobufakazi kubathengi bazo. Ababambiqhaza abanentshisekelo bangahlola izindaba zakamuva zemboni nezibuyekezo zenkampani ngokusebenzisa i-Izindaba isigaba, esihlale sibonisa imininingwane evela emicimbini emikhulu nasekuphumeleleni kwezocwaningo.

Enye yezindawo ezithembisa kakhulu kwezokukhiqiza izilwane nge-biotechnology ukuhlela i-genome, ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ososayensi ukuthi benze izinguquko eziqondile ku-genetic code yesilwane. UDkt. Alison Van Eenennaam waseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eDavis, wethula ubufakazi obuqinisekisa esithangamini ngendlela ukuhlela i-genome okungandisa ngayo ukusebenza kokukhiqiza, kunciphise ukuthambekela ezifweni, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokudla nokudla okunomsoco. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinkomo ezimelana nomkhuhlane ukuze kulwiswe enye yezifo ezibiza kakhulu ezithinta imihlambi yobisi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokufanayo, uhlobo lwezinkomo i-SLICK, enegene elikotini elifushane nelibushelelezi, luyethulwa ezindaweni ezishisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelelana nokushisa futhi kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokushisa. Lezi zinto ezintsha zibonisa ukuthi izilwane ze-biotech zingalungiswa kanjani ukuze zihambisane nezinselelo ezithile zemvelo nezokukhiqiza, zinikeze izinzuzo ezibonakalayo kubakhiqizi ezifundeni ezahlukene.

Esinye isicelo esihle kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwamathole angazalwanga anezimpondo, azalwa engenazo izimpondo, okwenza kungabikho isidingo sokususa izimpondo ezibuhlungu nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Embonini yengulube, kuye kwadalwa izingulube ezimelana negciwane le-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), okuyimpumelelo engasindisa imboni yengulube emhlabeni wonke izigidigidi zamadola minyaka yonke. Isimo sokuthengiswa kwale mikhiqizo ehlelwe ngofuzo siyahlukahluka ngezwe, kanti amanye amazwe avumele kakade izicelo zokudla kwabantu kanti amanye aqhubeka nokucabangela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo ezithuthukile ezinjalo ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezohwebo kumele kube yithuba elibalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-云南三正生物工程有限公司, enikeza uhla oluphelele.Imikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukuhambisana nezinto ezintsha zofuzo ngokudla okunomsoco okuhle kakhulu kanye namasu okuphatha impilo.

Ukwakha kabusha i-genome nakho kunethemba lokuthuthukisa iphrofayili yokudla okunomsoco kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Ngokuguqula izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekugayweni kwamafutha, abacwaningi bangakhiqiza inyama nobisi olunezinhlanganisela zamafutha anempilo, njengokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-omega-3. Lezi zimpumelelo zihambisana nesidingo sabathengi sokudla okusebenzayo okusekela impilo yomuntu. Kodwa-ke, indlela evela elabhorethri iye emakethe idinga ukuzulazula ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula nokwakha ukwethembana komphakathi. Njengoba isayensi ivuthwa, umkhakha wezinkomo ungelindela ukuzuza esizukulwaneni esisha sezilwane ze-biotech ezinempilo, ezikhiqiza kakhulu, futhi ezisimeme kakhudlwana. Abakhiqizi abanesifiso sokuhlola ukuthi lezi zinto ezintsha zingahlanganiswa kanjani nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezikhona bayakhuthazwa ukuvakashela i-Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze uthole izinsiza nesiqondiso sochwepheshe.

Umkhakha wezinkukhu nawo ubambelele ezicini zobuchwepheshe bezilwane ngenhloso enkulu, obushukunyiswa isidingo sezindlela zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle, ezizwela izilwane, nezinobuntu. UDkt. Mark Tizard ovela kwi-CSIRO, inhlangano ehola phambili yocwaningo yase-Australia, wabelane ngemininingwane ngobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ezinkukhwini, egcizelela umehluko obalulekile ezindleleni zokuhlela izakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo, lapho ukuhlela kungase kwenziwe emaqandeni, izinyoni zidinga izindlela ezikhethekile ngenxa yesakhiwo samaqanda azo nentuthuko yawo yokuqala. Enye yezinto ezintsha ezithinta kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bezinkukhu ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ubulili, indlela evumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlonze futhi bahlukanise amathole angamaduna nawamakhosikazi ngaphambi kokuchanyuselwa. Lobu buchwepheshe buxazulula omunye wezinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha embonini yezinkukhu: ukubulawa kwamathole angamaduna ekukhiqizeni amaqanda. Ngokuphelisa isidingo sokubulawa okukhulu, ukuhlukanisa ubulili kuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane, kuthuthukisa ukusimama, futhi kunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni ekukhiqizeni amaqanda.

Ngaphandle kwezokuziphatha, ukuhlungwa ngokobulili kunikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho ngokuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza ngempumelelo, balondoloze kuphela izinkukhu ezizobeka amaqanda noma ezizodliwa. UDkt. Tizard uphinde waxoxa ngezinto ezithinta imithetho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuthi imikhiqizo yenkukhu eyenziwe ngemvelo ingafakwa yini esigabeni esingesona i-GMO ezimakethe ezithile. Leli phuzu libalulekile ukuze amakhasimende amukele futhi afinyelele ezimakethe, njengoba amakhasimende amaningi esaqaphela izinto ezenziwe ngemvelo. Amandla okubeka izinkukhu ezenziwe ngemvelo njengezingesona i-GMO kungasheshisa ukwamukelwa futhi kuvule amathuba amasha emakethe. Ezinkampanini ezikhethekile ekudleni kwezilwane kanye ne-biotechnology, njenge-云南三正生物工程有限公司, ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zinguquko emithethweni kubalulekile ukuze kuhambisane nemikhiqizo enikezwayo nezidingo zemakethe eziguqukayo. Imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nendlela yenkampani yokusekela impilo nokusebenza kwezinkukhu iyatholakala kuMayelana Nathi ikhasi, elichaza ukuzinikela kwabo ezixazululweni ezintsha, ezizinzile ekudleni kwezilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bahlola ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nezifo ezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi ngokumelana nomkhuhlane wezinyoni nezinye izinsongo zamagciwane ezingabhubhisa imihlambi futhi zithinte ukuphepha kokudla. Ngokuthuthukisa impendulo yemvelo yomzimba yezinyoni, ososayensi bahlose ukunciphisa amazinga okufa nokunciphisa isidingo samagciwane, okubhekana nezinkinga zempilo nokumelana namagciwane. Lezi zintuthuko zibaluleke kakhulu kubakhiqizi ezifundeni ezinomfutho omkhulu wezifo noma labo abafuna ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zenhlalakahle yezilwane nokuphepha kokudla. Njengoba imboni yenkukhu iqhubeka nokuguquguquka, amathuluzi ezilwane ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo azoba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekubumbeni ikusasa layo. Abakhiqizi abafuna ukwesekwa okusebenzayo kanye namasampula ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha bangacela ulwazi ngokusebenzisaIkhasi Elisha, elinikeza ukufinyelela okulula emibuzweni yemikhiqizo kanye nesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe.

Ukuphumelela kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zezilwane zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokulawula lapho zisebenza khona. Imithetho inemisebenzi ebalulekile eminingi: ukuvikela impilo yabantu nezilwane, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo, ukwakha ukwethenjwa kwabathengi ekudleni, nokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe ngokunikeza izindlela ezicacile zemakethe. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezithathwa amazwe ahlukene ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, okwenza kube yindawo eyinkimbinkimbi kubathuthukisi nabakhiqizi. Amanye amazwe, njenge-United States neBrazil, amukele izinhlaka ezilula, ezisekelwe engcupheni ezihlukanisa phakathi kokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokwesiko namasu amasha afana nokuhlela izakhi zofuzo. Amanye agcina izimo zokucophelela kakhulu, edinga ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe nokulebula ngaphambi kokuthi imikhiqizo ikwazi ukuthengiswa. Le ngxubevange yemigomo ingabambezela ukwamukelwa komhlaba wonke kwezilwane ezizuzisayo zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo futhi idale izithiyo kwezohwebo ezithinta abakhiqizi nabathengi ngokufanayo.

Ochwepheshe emhlanganweni bagcizelele isidingo esiphuthumayo sohlaka oluhlangene, olusekelwe ezingozini, oluhlola imikhiqizo ngokusekelwe ezicini zayo nezingozi ezingaba khona kunokuba lube ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuyidala. Indlela enjalo ingavumela izinto ezintsha ezizuzisayo—njengezingulube ezimelana nezifo noma izinkomo ezimelana nokushisa—ukuthi zifinyelele abalimi nabathengi ngokushesha ngenkathi kusagcinwa amazinga aphezulu okuphepha. Indima yezinhlangano ezifana nesikhungo sikazwelonke sezobuchwepheshe bezilwane ekuhlinzekeni ngesiqondiso sesayensi nedatha kubalawuli ibalulekile ekwaziseni umthetho osuselwe ebufakazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana okucacile mayelana nezinzuzo nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezilwane yobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ekwakheni ukwamukelwa komphakathi nasekulweni nolwazi olungelona iqiniso. Izinkampani nababambiqhaza kufanele bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nabathengi, abathengisi, nabaholi bezinqubomgomo ukuze babelane ngezinzuzo zangempela zalobu buchwepheshe. Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi imithetho yamanje isebenza kanjani emikhiqizweni nasezicelo ezithile,Ukusekelwa ikhasi linikeza isiqondiso esenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokubonisana kochwepheshe ukuze ubhekane nezinselelo zokuthobela kanye nokungena emakethe.

I-Philippines yethula isifundo esicela ukunakwa mayelana nokwamukelwa kanye nemithetho yezixazululo zezilwane zobuchwepheshe bokuzala. Njengoba kuchazwe nguDkt. Julianne A. Vilela ovela ePhilippine Genome Center (PGC), isimo sezilwane zobuchwepheshe bokuzala ezweni sibonakala ngokwanda kwezinhlelo zocwaningo kanye nokubambisana kwezikhungo okuhloswe ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomo nezinkukhu. Amanyuvesi endawo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nabalingani bamazwe omhlaba basebenza ndawonye ukuthuthukisa izilwane zobuchwepheshe bokuzala ezibhekana nezidingo ezihlukile zezolimo zasePhilippines, okubandakanya ukubekezelelana nokushisa, ukumelana nezifo, kanye nokuguqulwa kokudla okuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekwa ngemithetho kwezilwane eziguqulwe ngokofuzo ePhilippines kusathuthuka, nababambiqhaza basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukudala indlela ecacile yemithetho yezilwane ezihlelwe ngofuzo kanye nezicelo ze-CRISPR. Lo mkhuba uhlanganisa ukulinganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zobuchwepheshe bokuzala nezikhalazo zomphakathi mayelana nokuphepha, izimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nomthelela emvelweni.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ebhekene nokwamukelwa kwezobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ePhilippines ukungaqondi kahle komphakathi nokungabaza mayelana nezinto eziguqulwe ngokofuzo. Abathengi abaningi ngisho nabanye abakhiqizi bahlanganisa izindlela zakudala zokuguqula izakhi zofuzo nezindlela ezintsha, ezinembayo njengokuhlela izakhi zofuzo, okubangela ukudideka nokumelana. Ukubhekana nalezi zingaqondi kahle kudinga ukuzibandakanya komphakathi okuqhubekayo, ukuxhumana okucacile, kanye nemizamo yezemfundo echaza isayensi nezinzuzo ezitholakala ezilwaneni zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo. UDkt. Vilela uphawule ukuthi uhulumeni wasePhilippines, ngokubambisana nabalingani bezemfundo nezimboni, utshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingxoxo enolwazi. Ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-云南三正生物工程有限公司, ukuqonda umongo womthetho wendawo namasiko kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele ukwethula imikhiqizo namasevisi amasha. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ezixazululweni zokudla kwezilwane ezisekelwe ocwaningweni, ezisimeme kubeka njengomlingani obalulekile kubakhiqizi basePhilippines abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusimama. Izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile ngemisebenzi yesifunda namathuba okubambisana zingatholakala kuIzindaba isigaba, esigqamisa ukuzibandakanya kwenkampani emhlabeni wonke kanye neziqondiso ezithile zemakethe.

Ngaphandle kwezinselelo lezi, isimo sezinto ezizokwenzeka ezinhlelweni zezilwane zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ePhilippines siyathembisa. Ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwezolimo, ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nesidingo esinamandla sokudla okunothe ngamaprotheni kuyashukumisa intshisekelo ezixazululweni ezintsha. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka olucacile, olususelwe ezingozini zezilwane ezihlelwe ngofuzo kungavula amathuba amakhulu kubakhiqizi, kubavumele ukuthi bathole izakhi zofuzo ezithuthukisiwe ezithuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusimama. Njengoba iPhilippines iqhubeka nokwakha amandla ayo ezobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo, ubudlelwano nabadlali abakhulu emhlabeni kuyoba yisidingo sokudluliswa kolwazi nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi abanesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngemikhiqizo yokudla kwezilwane esezingeni eliphezulu nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo bangahlola uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezitholakala ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi, elibonisa izakhiwo ezenzelwe ukuhambisana nentuthuko yezofuzo nokwenza kahle ukusebenza kwezilwane.

Amandla okuguqula ezobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ekukhiqizeni izilwane ezifuywayo nezinkukhu awaphikiswa. Kusukela ekuhlelweni kwamajenome okuletha ukumelana nezifo nokubekezelelana nokushisa kuya ekuhlungweni kwezinkukhu okusha okuthuthukisa izimilo nokusimama, amathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ezilwaneni ayashintsha indawo yokulima izilwane emhlabeni. I-8th International Livestock Biotechnology Symposium igqamise ububanzi bokuphawula okwenziwayo kanye nokubambisana okuqinile phakathi kososayensi, abalawuli, nababambiqhaza bemboni. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza amandla aphelele alezi zinto ezintsha kudinga utshalomali oluqhubekayo ocwaningweni, izindlela zokulawula ezicacile, nokuzibandakanya komphakathi okuqhubekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukwethenjwa nokwamukelwa. Indima yezinhlangano ezifana ne-national institute of animal biotechnology kanye nezinkampani ezicabanga phambili njenge-云南三正生物工程有限公司 ibalulekile ekugcwaliseni igebe phakathi kokutholwa kwesayensi nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo.

Njengoba imboni iqhubeka phambili, kunezinto ezibalulekile ezivela. Okokuqala, izinhlaka zokulawula kufanele ziguquke ukuze zihambisane nentuthuko yesayensi, zamukele izindlela ezisekelwe ezingozini ezisiza ukufinyelela emakethe ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha. Okwesibili, imizamo yokuxhumana nomphakathi kufanele yengezwe ukuze kucaciswe ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo futhi kugqanyiswe izinzuzo zawo ezibonakalayo kubathengi, abakhiqizi, kanye nemvelo. Okwesithathu, kudingeka ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ukuze kuxazululwe izinselelo ezivelayo, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukumelana namagciwane, kanye nokuphepha kokudla. Ngokusebenzisana ezindaweni ezahlukene nasemingceleni, umphakathi womhlaba wonke wezolimo lwezilwane ungasebenzisa amandla obuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla oluqine kakhudlwana, olusimeme, futhi olukhiqiza kakhulu. Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuhlala phambili kule ndawo eshintsha njalo, ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abanolwazi bezondlo zezilwane nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo kuyinzuzo yamasu. Ithimba elise 云南三正生物工程有限公司 likumema ukuthi uhlole okubanzi kwaboImikhiqizo kanye Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze uthole imininingwane, izinsiza, kanye nokwesekwa okwenzelwe wena okuhambisana nemigomo yakho yokukhiqiza.

Ngokufingqa, ikusasa lezolimo zezilwane lizobunjwa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo nezenzo zokulima zesintu. Uhambo oluvela ekutholakaleni ezindaweni zokucwaninga kuya emiphumeleni ezingeni lepulazi luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa imivuzo—ngokwemibandela yempilo engcono yezilwane, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukunciphisa umthelela emvelweni, kanye nekhwalithi yokudla ethuthukisiwe—imikhulu kakhulu. Ngokwamukela isiko lokusha, ukuba sobala, nokubambisana, izimboni zezilwane ezifuywayo nezinkukhu zingakwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo zekhulunyaka lama-21 futhi zilethe amaprotheni azinzile kubantu bomhlaba abakhulayo. Sikhuthaza bonke abathintekayo ukuthi bahlale benolwazi, babambe iqhaza engxoxweni, futhi bacabange ukuthi izixazululo zezilwane zobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo zingadlala indima kanjani emisebenzini yabo. Ukuxoxa ngezidingo zakho ezithile noma ukucela amasampula nezingcaphuno, sicela uvakashele kuIkhasi Elisha bese uxhumana nethimba lethu lochwepheshe namuhla.